Структурно-семантические особенности обско-угорских глаголов с превербами хуԓт / хоԓт / хощ / хот

Abstract

Introduction: in the article the author for the first time considers the semantics and syntactic compatibility of Khanty and Mansi verbs of different lexical-semantic groups: state, action, movement, displacement, perceptions, etc., with the preverbs χŏλt / χɔλt / χɔś / χɔt. The most complete list of verbs combined with this preverb in different dialects of the Khanty and Mansi languages is revealed. The article describes the change of the verb valence system when combined with this preverb, as well as the modification of the verb semantics while maintaining the valence system. Differences in the semantics of synonymous preverbs χŏλt and nukh in expression of aspectual values, as well as χŏλt and jira in expression of spatial values. Objective: to identify the circle of verbs that are combined with the preverb χŏλt / χɔλt / χɔś / χɔt; to describe the transition of verbs from one lexical-semantic group to another when combined with this preverb; to compare the system of valences and syntactic compatibility of verbs with this preverb in the Khanty and Mansi languages. Research materials: verbs with preverbal units χŏλt / χɔλt / χɔś / χɔt of the Kazym, Shuryshkar, Ural dialects of the Khanty and Mansi languages, collected by the author from informants and extracted from dictionaries of the Khanty and Mansi languages. Results and novelty of the research: for the first time the most complete list of verbs from different lexico-semantic groups combined with the preverbs χŏλt / χɔλt / χɔś / χɔt, which are mainly attached to the verbs of action, movement, displacement, etc., is revealed. As a result of the addition of the preverb, the number of valences of derived verbs can either be preserved or reduced. Verbs of the lexico-semantic group of movement and displacement lose their locative valence; the valence of action verbs may remain or decrease. The composition of the semantic group of verbs changes due to the syntactic compatibility of the verb with different types of subjects and objects (animate, inanimate). The results of the study can be used for compiling dictionaries, comparing unrelated and different-structured languages, as well as for writing a scientific grammar of the Khanty language.