Рослинність макрофітів водойм Полтавського міського парку

Abstract

The results of geobotanical and productional studies of macrophyte communities of six reservoirs on the territory of the memorial park of landscape art of national importance «Poltava City Park» during 2012–2013 are presented. The coenotic composition of the vegetation cover of the park reservoirs is not distinguished by high diversity (16 macrophyte communities). The ecological structure of the vegetation of water bodies is represented by 7 air-water vegetation communities, 4 communities of vegetation with floating leaves and 5 communities of submerged vegetation. In general, macrophyte vegetation of the studied reservoirs is characterized by a limited composition of dominant species within different ecological groups, a complete absence of communities of attached hydrophytes with floating leaves, a low representation of cenoses of low-grass helophytes, an increase in the coenotic activity of filamentous algae, a monotony of the spatial distribution of vegetation in water bodies, disproportionate areas of individual plant belts, excessive overgrowth of water areas. The largest areas of thickets in most water bodies are submerged vegetation. The maximum of phytomass in most water bodies produced by the air-water vegetation. The maximum reserves of vegetation are concentrated in reservoirs with the largest areas of the water area and, respectively, the largest areas of macrophyte thickets. Based on the results of studies of macrophyte vegetation, it can be stated that active processes of eutrophication and waterlogging occur in the ponds of the Poltava City Park. To restore the ecological balance and enhance the recreational appeal of the studied reservoirs, it is advisable to recommend, first of all, their clearing and dredging of shallowest water objects, improvement of the coastal zone and coastal thickets, repair of hydraulic structures, control of pollution sources and hydrochemical monitoring of water quality.