Фітоіндикація екологічного стану малої паркової водойми

Abstract

Phytoindicating researches of the ecological state of a small park waterbody are carried out on an example of the earth reservoir of park of an agrobiological station of Poltava V.G. Korolenko pedagogical university, which is subjected to direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic factors in urban landscape: the recreation of organized and unorganized visitors, entering with the surface runoff from disturbed watershed the municipal and agricultural waste pollution, soil erosion products, the secondary water pollution during dying out of vegetation under conditions of slow water exchange and inefficiency of hydraulic constructions. In the ecosystem of the studied reservoir the features of the disturbance of ecological balance are distinguished: the poor composition of flora (7 species of higher plants) and vegetation of macrophytes (3 communities of different ecological groups), active development of filamentous algae, excessive overgrowth of the water area (100%), overproduction of phytomass in the coastal zone (over 4 kg/m2, air-dry matter). The change in the free-floating vegetation edificators and the increase in the areas of overgrowth by the communities of helophytes, in comparison with the literature data, indicate a certain decrease in the processes of water eutrophication and the development of the waterlogging of the studied waterbody. In connection with the manifestations of spontaneous recreation, the flora of the near-water space has features of ruderalization and adventitization, which indirectly indicates the violation of the natural conditions of water quality forming. The water quality class of the studied water body, calculated with the the Macrophyte Index, is identified as ‘‘dirty’‘, and the overall degree of pollution, which is determined by the diversity of macrophytes tolerant to pollution, corresponds to the level ‘‘highly contaminated’‘ (in both cases, it is a penultimate rank of the quantitative pollution measure according to gradations of scales reflecting progressive deterioration of water quality). The saprobic index estimated according to the Pantle-Buck method, showed the β-mesosaprobic zone, which indicates a sufficiently high level of organic substances in water. The results of the work can be taken into account in the development of measures to optimize the ecological state of the studied reservoir.