НЕСУЩАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ И ДОЛГОВЕЧНОСТЬ НАРУЖНЫХ КИРПИЧНЫХ СТЕН ЗДАНИЙ

Abstract

For buildings of historical development of cities, as well as architectural dominants of urban and rural settlements, the architectural attractiveness of buildings is often created by erecting external load-bearing brick walls, including multilayer ones, as well as curtain external walls with a finishing layer of facing bricks. When designing building envelopes, as well as in the process of researching and assessing the technical condition of building envelopes, it becomes necessary to calculate (assess) the bearing capacity of external walls, to assess their durability. The object of research is the bearing capacity and durability of the outer walls of buildings. A review of domestic and foreign scientific and technical literature has been carried out. He showed that the overwhelming majority of scientific publications concern the choice of constructive solutions for walls, the purpose and use of new building technologies and materials, their technical characteristics, as well as the assessment of the energy efficiency of the proposed constructive solutions for external walls. Examples of defects in the outer layer of multilayer bearing walls of brick buildings and recommendations for ensuring the durability of the front layer of a brick wall are given. The requirements of the current building codes for calculating the bearing capacity of multilayer brick walls are considered. An example of calculating an eccentrically compressed multilayer brick wall with equivalent calculated cross-section is given. In order to simplify the calculation of the bearing capacity, it is proposed to use computer programs to determine the geometric characteristics of the equivalent calculated cross-section. In particular, for a short-term application of loads to determine the stresses and analyze the stress state of the equivalent calculated cross-section of the wall, an example of using the program, the constructor of sections PK LIRA-SAPR, is given. It is shown that it is necessary to consider the distribution of stresses over the section under short-term and long-term loading in the design of multilayer brick walls.