Сравнительная характеристика особенностей роста и развития мышечной и костной ткани молодняка черно-пестрой породы и их помесей

Abstract

The formation of meat productivity of young cattle in favorable growing conditions is associated with growth and development and includes such indicators as live weight, average daily gain, age-related development of physique, type of constitution, carcass weight, slaughter yield, the ratio in the carcass of individual varietal cuts and morphological composition, the ratio of basic nutrients and the energy value of slaughter products. To determine the indicators of meat productivity of young cattle, it is necessary to know the patterns of growth and development of muscle and bone tissue. In this regard, there is a need to study the productive qualities of young black-and-white breeds and their crossbreeds. The article presents the results of comparative characteristics of the growth and development of individual muscles and muscle groups of the thoracic and pelvic extremities, as well as the development of bone tissue of young black-and-white breeds and their crossbreeds. A comparative study of the degree of development of individual muscles and groups of muscles and bones of the skeleton was carried out in purebred and crossbred bulls and castrates at the age of 18 months. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that the mass of individual muscles and muscle groups of the thoracic and pelvic extremities, as well as the mass of individual parts of the skeleton of the carcass of group II bulls exceeded the peers of group I, III and VI. Regardless of their physiological state, crossbred gobies of ½ holstein x ½ black–and-white breed differed from purebred peers in higher growth and development rates of both muscle and bone tissue, which confirms the possibility of increasing the meat productivity of cattle.