Аналіз сучасних інноваційних методів утилізації відходів

Abstract

For many countries around the world, the problem of waste disposal is acute. This applies to both economically developed countries and developing countries. Waste management policy should primarily be aimed at reducing their generation. Disposal will only be permitted for non-recyclable waste. EU countries are beginning to introduce technologies for the disposal of waste that does not pollute the environment. One of the main tasks on the path of European development in terms of waste management is their separate collection. Of particular concern are so-called hazardous wastes, which can pose a threat to the environment and harm human health. The problem of waste accumulation needs to be solved. A serious problem for many countries around the world is the accumulation of a huge amount of mixed waste in landfills. In the process of decay of such waste, highly toxic compounds are formed that can poison the environment. An innovative development is a new method of microbial utilization of such waste. The advantages of this method are that the process is fast - only 2-3 weeks and has a high efficiency - the weight is reduced from the initial several tens of times. This technology can be used to dispose of mixed food waste in large cities, recycle food waste, hotels and food businesses in resort areas, and can be used in extreme conditions. The technology of utilization of used tires by the method of "Magnetic shock" is also developed. The developed technology makes it possible to separate the rubber component from the metal cord. Subsequently, the rubber component is mechanically ground. The advantages of this method are obtaining pure metal and rubber, reducing the wear of the crushing mechanism, saving energy for processing. A significant problem is the disposal of solid waste. The technique of thermal processing of solid household waste is developed. Collection, processing and utilization of solid household waste in settlements has a number of problems. Such problems are the need to transport waste to plants, high energy consumption and processing costs. A mobile waste processing plant in the absence of electricity can be a comprehensive solution to the problem.In general, there is a problem of inefficiency of existing technologies for solid waste disposal around the world. Methods such as incineration, burial and processing are widely used. The smart solution is the collection of solid waste, sorting of secondary raw materials and recycling of residues. Many developed countries use industrial processing of solid waste, which takes into account the requirements of ecology, resource conservation and economy. The introduction of new innovative methods of waste disposal does not require significant investment and time.