ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ УЯЗВИМОСТИ КРИТИЧЕСКОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ СНИЖЕНИЯ ПОЖАРНОГО РИСКА

Abstract

Рассмотрено использование интегрального показателя уязвимости критического элемента (ПУКЭ) для оценки снижения пожароопасности и разработки соответствующих мер безопасности. Представлен методический подход к определению ПУКЭ и оценке пожарного риска на основе этого показателя. ПУКЭ представляет собой комбинацию вероятности возникновения пожара и последствий, которые он может вызвать. Чем выше значение ПУКЭ, тем более уязвим критический элемент и, следовательно, выше риск возникновения пожара. Отмечена важность данного подхода и приведены примеры его применения в различных сферах деятельности. In accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law 256-FZ “On the safety of fuel and energy complex facilities” dated 21 July 2011 it is necessary to analyze the vulnerability of critical elements of the facility from an act of unlawful interference. The facilities associated with the processing of oil and petroleum products are the ones with the largest fires among all critical infrastructure facilities. Thus, it is most important to calculate and reduce the fire risk at such facilities. According to Federal Law 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” dated 22 July 2008, fire risk is a measure of the possibility of implementing a fire hazard situation and its consequences for both humans and material values. However, the methodology for calculating the fire risk at industrial facilities stated in the Order of EMERCOM of Russia No. 404 dated 10 July 2009 “On approval of the methodology for determining calculated values of fire risk at production facilities”, takes into account only the consequences for humans. So there is introduced a new concept – “integral normalized index of fire vulnerability” (hereinafter referred to as “fire vulnerability index”). Goals and objectives. Calculate the fire risk value, as well as the value of the “fire vulnerability index”. Elaborate the measures to reduce fire risk. Analyze the effectiveness of elabirated measures. Methods. To calculate the fire risk value, there were used the data obtained during the categorisation of the hazardous production facility. On the basis of these data, a "vulnerability analysis" was carried out with respect to critical elements of the facility. For the discovered "vulnerable critical element" the value of fire risk and "value of fire vulnerability" was calculated. The compensating measures were developed in accordance with Federal Law 123 and also fire risk and "value of fire vulnerability" were recalculated. Results and their discussion. The fire risk calculations show that there is an exceedance of the permissible value at the object under study. According to the results of categorisation, the facility was assigned an "medium" hazard category. The reduction of the fire risk value after the developed measures was 97 %. And the reduction of the "fire vulnerability index" was 69.8%. Conclusion. The developed measures allowed significantly reducing the fire risk value, which indicates a strict necessity for their installation and presence at the studied facility. Based on a reduction in “fire vulnerability”, the financial department of the enterprise can more objectively form a financial reserve. And based on “fire vulnerability”, it is possible to more accurately form insurance payments for facilities with a “high” potential hazard category.