МАТРИКАЛЬНА РІЗНОЯКІСНІСТЬ НАСІННЯ ТА БІОМЕТРИЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ РОСЛИН СОЇ

Abstract

Abstract The aim of the research was to establish the patterns of soybean plants formation, depending on the matrix diversity of the sown seeds. Methods. Field experiments were conducted in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine (Kyiv agro-soil district of the right-bank forest-steppe). Factors of the experiment: factor A – variety (A1 – «Kyivska 98»; A2 – «Chernyatka»); factor B – the place of sown seed formation on the mother plant (B1 – lower tier (1–5th stem nodes), B2 – middle tier (6–10th stem nodes), B3 – upper tier (11th stem node and above), B4 – lateral branches). Soy was grown according to the technology traditional for the region, with the exception of the elements included in the experiment scheme. The influence of the studied factors on the growth of soybean plants was established by determining biometric indicators during the analysis of the sample bundle. The results. The analysis of plant height data indicates that the tallest plants of both soybean varieties were sown with seeds that were formed in the lower layer of the mother plants. The higher the sown grain was formed on the mother plant, the lower the plants that developed from it were. There is an inverse correlation between the height (tier) of seed formation on the mother plant and the height of the plants of the next generation, expressed by the correlation coefficient r = –0.517. Our analysis shows the existence of weak inverse correlation dependence between the place of seed formation on the mother plant and the number of nodes on the main stem in plants of the next generation: r = –0.504. A tighter inverse relationship exists between the place of seed formation on the mother plant and the number of nodes with beans on the main stem in plants of the next generation: r = –0.762. Correlation analysis indicates that the height of attachment of the lower beans, according to the experimental data we obtained, is connected by a direct correlation, expressed by the coefficient r = 0.913, with the height of plants and an average inverse correlation with the place (tier) of seed formation on the mother plant (r = –0.517). Conclusions. On the basis of experimental data, it was established that in the conditions of the Right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine, biometric indicators of soybean plants depend on the variety, the place of seed formation on the mother plant, as well as on other conditions. Sowing with seeds formed in the lower tier of the main stem of mother plants causes the formation of plants with maximum plant height indicators (84.4 cm in «Kyivska 98» variety and 81.2 cm in «Chernyatka» variety), stem thickness at the root neck (6.1 mm in plants of «Kyivska 98» variety and 6.3 mm in plants of «Chernyatka» variety), the height of attachment of lower beans (17.9 cm in plants of «Kyivska 98» variety, 18.1 cm in plants of «Сhernyatka» variety). There is an inverse correlation between the height (tier) of seed formation on the mother plant and the height of the next generation plants, expressed by the correlation coefficient r = –0.517. There is an inverse correlation r = –0.782 between the tier of seed formation on the mother plant and the thickness of the stems near the root neck in the next generation plants. The height of attachment of the lower beans is connected by a direct correlation, expressed by the coefficient r = 0.913, with the height of plants and an average inverse correlation with the place (tier) of seed formation on the mother plant (r = –0.598). Key words: soybean, seeds, biometric indicators, diversity.