Современные методы снижения испарения и обеспечения безопасности при хранении нефтепродуктов в резервуарах

Abstract

Introduction. With long-term storage of gasoline in large-capacity tanks, the problem associated with their volatility becomes urgent. Evaporation of petroleum products and gasoline leads to a change in their physical and chemical properties, a decrease in the yield of light petroleum products during oil refining, and a deterioration in the performance characteristics of engines. In this regard, it becomes difficult to start engines, their reliability, fuel consumption increases and the service life is reduced. Lost light hydrocarbons pollute the environment and increase the fire hazard of enterprises. The aim of the work is to identify effective, inexpensive and safe methods for reducing the volatility of oil products, including gasoline, when stored in tanks. Research methods. A retrospective analysis of studies on the problems of reducing losses of petroleum products during their storage, transportation and use is carried out. Technical and organizational methods for reducing the evaporation of fuels and the use of chemical additives as an inexpensive and effective method for solving the problem of the volatility of gasolines are considered. The conclusion about the efficiency of using chemical additives to fuels to reduce volatility has been substantiated. Results and their discussion. Conclusions are made about the possibility of using surfactants as additives to reduce the evaporation of gasolines during long-term storage in tanks. The analysis of the main components and methods for the synthesis of surfactant compositions capable of creating a surfactant film at the liquid-atmosphere interface, which protects the liquid from evaporation. Conclusion. Reducing the volatility of gasoline with the use of inexpensive and effective additives introduced into the fuel in small quantities, not only reduces the explosion and fire hazard during storage in large tanks, reduces losses, but also prevents the negative impact on the environment from the ingress of low molecular hydrocarbons into it. Key words: volatility of petroleum products, losses during storage of gasoline, methods of reducing volatility, additives.