ФИЗИЧЕСКИЙ МЕХАНИЗМ И СПОСОБ ТУШЕНИЯ ЖИДКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫМИ СУСПЕНЗИЯМИ ВОДЫ С УГЛЕРОДНЫМИ НАНОСТРУКТУРАМИ

Abstract

Introduction . The purpose of this work is to determine the mechanism for extinguishing liquid hydrocarbons and develop a method for extinguishing them with water-based suspensions with carbon nanostructures. Materials . Nonfunctionalized (non-funct) and functionalized multilayer carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), as well as astralenes (Astr), were used as nanomaterials dispersed in distilled water. Experimental part. The experimental part included determining the pH of the suspensions; research of nanostructures by atomic force microscopy; measurement of surface tension suspensions; determining the rate of their heating to the boiling point, the specific heat of vaporization; time measurement of extinguishing model hearth class B. Results and discussion. The burning liquid hydrocarbons extinguishing mechanism with water and carbon nanostructures suspensions is achieved by intensifying the processes of heat removing from the petroleum product vapors combustion zone. Dispersion of low concentrations of carbon nanostructures (MWCNT, Astralen) 0.05–1.0 % by vol. in aqueous compositions on the base of distillated water (DW) leads to increase the heating rate to the reflux temperature and more intense steam generation, an improvement in the quenching characteristics when sprayed drops are applied to the combustion zone. In suspensions DW+non-funct MWCNT and DW+MWCNT with concentration 0.8–1.0 % by vol. fire extinguishing efficiency increase by increasing the values of specific heat of vaporization up to the interval 2300…2400 kJ/kg, for DW+Astralen with concentration 0.2–0.5 % by vol. — 2400…2600 kJ/kg, for DW+Carbopol ETD 2020+ +MWCNT with concentration 0.5–1.0 % by vol. — 1100…1400 kJ/kg. The quenching time dependence of the heating rate to boiling point has a characteristic extremum in the range of 5.5…6.5 °C/min for suspensions DW+non-funct MWCNT and DW+MWCNT with concentration of 0.8–1.0 % by vol., 5.5…6.5 °C/min for DW + Astralen with concentration of 0.2–0.5 % by vol. and 6.0…8.0 °C/min for DW+Carbopol ETD 2020+MWCNT with concentration of 0.5–1.0 % by vol. Conclusion . Proposed fire extinguishing method can significantly increase fire extinguishing agents effectiveness to eliminate the liquid hydrocarbons burning due to water and carbon nanostructures suspensions droplets intensive heating to the boiling point, evaporation and cooling of the combustion zone.