ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УКЛАДОВ: ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ И СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ В АГРАРНОМ СЕКТОРЕ РОССИИ

Abstract

The problems of development and implementation of high technologies in the manufacturing sector are currently in the spotlight. In our country, the issues of technical and technological modernization, digitalization of the agrarian sector of the economy, the dissemination of the achievements of the fifth technological mode and the transition to the sixth mode, which is based on high technologies, have acquired particular relevance. As part of the scientific study, the economic categories "technological mode" and "techno-economic paradigm" are analyzed, a variety of approaches to the definition of the concept of "technological mode" is established, which indicates both the existing differences in the theoretical knowledge bases of researchers, and the complexity of the concept itself. The author's definition of the category "technological mode" is given in relation to the agricultural sector, taking into account the multi-structural nature of agricultural production that has developed in our country. The properties of the technological mode as a complex socio-economic and technological system are considered, the characteristics of technological modes are presented, the approaches of economists to their periodization, manifestations of technological modes in the agricultural sector of the economy are considered. It has been established that in the domestic agricultural sector, production is carried out within the framework of the second, third, fourth and fifth technological modes with a predominance of the third and fourth. It has been determined that the multi-structural organizational and economic structure of the agro-industrial production in Russia, based on a combination of various forms of management, is a factor that significantly complicates the widespread use of scientific achievements of the fifth technological order and complicates the transition to the "rails" of the breakthrough sixth technological order, and therefore, in our opinion opinion, the implementation of a unified comprehensive state policy for the modernization of the agricultural sector of the domestic economy is required.