Вплив діяльності профільних наукових установ та державної фінансової підтримки на стан садівничої і виноградно-виноробної галузі України

Abstract

Negative and positive trends in the efficiency of growing fruit and berry crops and grapes in Ukraine in different periods of time are analyzed. Information is provided on the scientific support of activities of industry market participants. The main areas of research of specialized scientific institutions of the Institute of Horticulture NAAS of Ukraine and the National Scientific Centre «V.Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking» NAAS of Ukraine, as well as the implementation of their results in production. Prospective technologies for obtaining virus-free basic clones in industrial horticulture and viticulture, their improvement in in vitro culture, and subsequent accelerated reproduction using classical and biotechnological methods are described. An analysis of the production of planting material in domestic nurseries was conducted and problematic issues of market participants in horticulture and viticulture were identified. Calculations of the necessary volumes of production of horticultural and viticultural products to saturate the domestic food market with competitive products and fully meet the needs of the population according to physiological standards, as well as to expand their export in the volumes specified in the Sectoral Development Programs of the sectors are highlighted. The need to complete the construction of the biotechnological greenhouse complex for the cultivation and accelerated replication of basic virus-free seedlings and the reconstruction of the Biotechnological complex for the production of virus-free planting material of grapes is substantiated. The diagrams present the volumes of planting perennial plantations and production of fruit and berry products, which were obtained, including thanks to state financial support and due to the intensification of production, which was carried out on the basis of scientific research. The volumes and trends of state financial support of industries are analyzed. The role of central executive bodies and specialized scientific institutions of Ukraine in the development of the horticultural and grape-growing industries of Ukraine is highlighted. An explanation has been given regarding the expediency of planting rootstocks and grafts in domestic nurseries that provide branch enterprises with planting material. A conclusion was made regarding the need to implement measures to solve problematic issues. Key words: orchards, berry orchards, vineyards, planting material, state support, grant support, scientific and technical research, scientific institutions.