土地利用/覆被变化的水文水资源响应研究综述

Abstract

随着社会经济和人口的持续增长，人类活动对地球陆地表层系统作用的步伐加快，土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)成为影响水文水资源系统的主要驱动力，已成为国内外研究的热点。本文从水循环、水量和地表水水质响应等方面概述了LUCC水文水资源响应的研究进展,旨在深入了解LUCC影响下的水文变化规律，准确把握水资源变化特征，为水文水资源的合理分析、洪水灾害的准确预测及水资源的可持续开发利用提供科学依据。综合分析表明：1) 土地利用/覆被变化对水循环、水量和水质的影响具有时间和空间尺度上的变异性；2) LUCC将加剧水循环过程，驱动降水量、蒸发量、地表径流等水文要素的变化，增强水文极值事件发生频率，改变区域水量平衡，影响区域水资源分布,应加强水文极值的研究；3) 应慎重考虑流域内土地利用的转变，将其对水资源的影响最小化；4) 将水质、水量、水生态相统一的水生态承载力响应将是未来的一个研究方向。 With rapid economic development and population growth, the impacts of human activities on land surface have being increased. Land use and cover change (LUCC) has become driving forces varying hydrological processes and water resources. The research in this field has been the focus of attention and the international and national frontier. In this paper, research progress of hydrological and water resources response to LUCC was summarized, which was reviewed and discussed from points of view of hydrological elements response, such as water cycle, water yield as well as water quality. This article aims to gain some insight into the laws of hydrological change to LUCC, recognize correctly water resources variation features, and provide a scientific basis for rational analysis of hydrological and water resources, accurate flood prediction and sustainable development and utilization of water resources. Some conclusions of this paper were drawn as follows: 1) the impact of LUCC on water cycle, water flow and water quality has more variability in time and spatial scale. 2) LUCC may result in intensifying the hydrological cycle, driving hydrological factors variation such as precipitation, evaporative capacity and surface runoff, enhancing the frequency of extreme events, which finally may change regional water volume balance and have impact on the distribution of regional water resources. It is wise to give more attention to hydrological extreme events. 3) We should have serious consideration about the land use change in the basin and minimize its impact on water resources. 4) Unifying water quality, water yield and water zoology, the response of Water ecological carrying capacity to LUCC should be studied in recent future.