Судебный штраф как проблемный институт уголовно-процессуального права

Abstract

Interest in the subject of the study is caused by the relative novelty of the intersectoral – criminal and criminal procedure legal institution of a judicial fine competing with other forms of relief from criminal liability in terms of both grounds and procedure. It is highly demanded in practice, but ambiguously understood in theory due to the contradictory and inconsistent legal regulation. The purpose of the study is, based on the most complete identification and systematization of defects in the legal regulation of the procedure for terminating a criminal case with the judicial fine imposition, to determine promising directions for its development. The paper considers in detail the grounds and conditions for the termination of a criminal case with the judicial fine imposition as a complex intersectoral legal institution. The author indicates the shortcomings of contradictory and inconsistent legal regulation, which destroy the integrity and consistency of criminal procedure law, complicate understanding and reduce the effectiveness of its application. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis about the extreme illogicality of the legal regulation of the procedure for terminating a criminal case with the judicial fine imposition, about the imperfection of wording used in Art. 251, Cap. 511 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, which makes understanding difficult and reduces the effectiveness of applying the rules of law. The author proposes to define more clearly in Art. 251 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation the grounds for terminating a criminal case and delimit them from the grounds for terminating a criminal case in connection with the mediation by the parties; eliminate the defective legal formulations; exclude the possibility of terminating unfinished proceedings in a criminal case by an unusual for the preliminary investigation body petition addressed to the court, as well as the procedure for its consideration not defined by law but recommended by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation according to the rules of Art. 108 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation.