Динаміка спортивних досягнень важкоатлетів світового рівня після введення нових вагових категорій

Abstract

A comparative characteristics of the achievements in double weightlifting event of elite weightlifters of different sex and weight categories after the introduction by the International Weightlifting Federation of the new weight categories by the International Weightlifting Federation has been made. The level of competition between elite weightlifters (men and women) at the 2017 and 2018 World Championships has been analyzed. Objective. To make a comparative analysis of the achievements of weightlifters before and after the introduction of new weight categories. Methods. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature, comparisons, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The analysis of the results of male athletes shows the greatest increase in sports achievements in lightweight and average weight categories by 55–67 kg. There is no significant increase in athletic achievement in men in most weight categories, although their body weight was reduced by 1–4 kg. Another trend is observed in women. At the 2018 World Championship, the competitive results were the best in seven (87.5 %) weight categories. The highest increase occurred in weight categories up to 69 kg – 25.9 %; +90 kg – 15.6% and up to 53 kg – 10.5%, respectively. A comparative analysis of weightlifters’ achievement at the 2018 World Championship shows that men had significantly less achievement gains than women. The reason for this tendency may be different levels of competition for prize-winning places. The high density of results at the 2017 World Championship among men in five (lightweight and average) weight categories (62.5 %) has been established, whereas at the 2018 World Championship – only in four average weight categories. The level of achievements of women at the 2017 and 2018 World Championships shows that they demonstrated almost the same level of competition. The record performance of men is much higher as compared to that of women by an average of 17.7–33.4 %. The smallest differences between world achievements of men and women (by 17.7 % and 20.7 % respectively) are observed in the following weight categories: 55 and 55 kg and 96 and +87 kg. The ratio of jerk to push achievements is somewhat higher in men 82.5 ± 0.8 % versus 79.7 ± 1.0 (р ≤ 0.05). That is, in men, the growth of achievements is due to increased result in a jerk, a greater extent, whereas in women – to that of push.