МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ТА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ ЗАСАДИ ОЦІНКИ ФІНАНСОВИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ СУБ’ЄКТА ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ

Abstract

Peculiarities of accounting for transactions in derivative financial instruments are due to the risks inherent in such objects of accounting, in particular in terms of uncertainty about their fair value in the future. Improving the methods and forms of regulation of derivative financial instruments through the mechanisms of accounting methodology determine the need to find opportunities to improve the methodological and organizational principles of accounting in terms of valuation of derivatives, taking into account the practice of IFRS to achieve reliability of financial statements. Difficulties in reconciling UAS with IFRS on the valuation of derivative financial instruments (historical or fair value) are due to the application in regulations of different approaches to the formation of financial statements. It is proved that the use of the historical cost method for valuation of financial instruments is inappropriate, as their contractual nature is manifested in the ability to carry out indefinitely transactions that do not lead to cash settlements, but increase the financial risks of the enterprise. The application of the fair value method for the valuation of derivative financial instruments sets out special requirements for the organization of the valuation process of financial instruments in order to ensure the further choice of sources of financing and financial risk management. The list of elements of the accounting policy which should be provided in the administrative document on the accounting policy of the enterprise which cover methodical and organizational receptions of the account is defined. The classification of financial instruments is defined as the basis for the choice of accounting policy methods. The minimization of potential risks of losses due to the use of incorrect valuation of financial instruments should be facilitated by appropriate verification based on the comparison of valuation results based on independently obtained prices with the results provided as a result of valuation procedures. It is proved that the audit should cover liquid financial instruments, as well as those instruments that do not have market prices, which will facilitate further decisions on the adjustment of valuation models and methods.