アンデスとヒマラヤの牧畜 高地適応型牧畜の家畜移動とその類型化の試み

Abstract

People both in the Andes and the Himalayas make their living by adapting themselves to the highland and making the most of the various ecological environments. They have some common cultural elements such as herding domestic animals adapted for low temperatures, but there is a great difference in the style of adaptation in animal husbandry. Also, even within each area there are considerable variations. The purpose of this article is to present the models of agro-pastoral relations and the seasonal movement of livestock, comparing two cases in the south Peruvian Andes and three in the east Nepal Himalayas, where agriculture and animal husbandry are the basic subsistences. ... In conclusion, both in the Andes and the Himalayas, both exclusive pastoralism and agro-pastoralism are found, but their ways of movement of livestock are different. The Andean exclusive pastoralism is sedentary, and the Himalayan version practices transhumance. Also, in the Andean agro-pastoralism, the seasonal movement of people is required by the necessity of agriculture. On the other hand, in Khumbu of the Himalayas, transhumance is agro-pastoral, and in Solu, transhumance is required purely by the necessity of animal husbandry. So, we can find all the possible types of seasonal movement of animal husbandry by comparing the Andes and the Himalayas.