Abstract
Goal. To determine the parameters of changes in the content of organic carbon in typical chernozem depending on the long-term use of different fertilizer systems for field crop rotation in the High Forest-Steppe of the Left Bank of Ukraine. Methods. Field — to determine the impact of fertilizer application systems on the humus state of typical chernozem, laboratory — to determine the content of organic carbon in the soil, calculation — to calculate the reserves of organic carbon and humus, mathematical — to assess the reliability of the data. Results. It was determined that before the establishment of a stationary field experiment, the content of organic carbon (Corg) in the arable soil layer averaged 2.89%. The coefficient of variation of the parameters of this indicator was 8%, but the scope of variation of the obtained results was 1.03 abs. %. It was established that for 28 years of application of mineral and organic fertilizers there was a slow deposition of Corg. Under the mineral fertilizer system with the introduction of single and double doses of complete fertilizer, the Corg content increased from 2.94–2.96 to 3.09–3.10%. Under the organic system, which provided the periodic application of manure under row crops, the Corg content increased from 2.80 to 3.09%, while the combined application of manure and mineral fertilizers caused an increase in Corg from 2.71–2.79 to 3.09–3.16%. Corg reserves increased from 5 for the mineral to 10 and 13 t/ha for organic and organomineral fertilizer systems, respectively. Conclusions. An increase in the Corg content in typical chernozem was established with the introduction of fertilizer systems in a row: mineral — +0.14–0.15 abs.%, organic — +0.29, organomineral — +0.37–0.38 abs.%. The systematic application of mineral and periodic of organic fertilizers contributes the most to carbon deposition in soils.
Highlights
OptionContent growth for the period 1990–2018, absolute percentages SOC total humusSOC stocks in 0–30 cm of soil layer, t/haIncrease of humus stocks for 28 years, t/ha Without3.1 application of organicOn the background of fertilizersthere is no loss of SOC for 28 years of systematic application of single and double rates of mineral fertilizers under field crop rotation crops
With the organic fertilizer system, where 230 t/ha of manure have been applied in 28 years, the SOC content is increased by 10.4 %, while the combination of manure and mineral fertilizers causes an increase of 13.3–14.0 %, reaching 3, 09–3.16 % SOC as a part of soil organic matter
There is no loss of SOC for 28 years of systematic application of single and double rates of mineral fertilizers under field crop rotation crops
Summary
OptionContent growth for the period 1990–2018, absolute percentages SOC total humusSOC stocks in 0–30 cm of soil layer, t/haIncrease of humus stocks for 28 years, t/ha Without3.1 application of organicOn the background of fertilizersthere is no loss of SOC for 28 years of systematic application of single and double rates of mineral fertilizers under field crop rotation crops. The most effective measure to improve the humus state of the soil and increase the amount of SOC deposition is the organo-mineral fertilizer system, which provides for regular application of mineral fertilizers and for periodic one- organic fertilizers. Our foreign colleagues came to similar conclusions with generalizing the results of long-term experiments, omitting the difference of absolute quantitative values [16, 17, 23, 24] This indicates that the balanced application of mineral and organic fertilizers helps to maintain and improve soil quality in the long run [17]. It should be noted that with a number of research on humus content and carbon in the soil organic matter, it was found a significant increase in mineralization processes with long-term implementation of the mineral fertilizer system [25, 26]. After a certain period of time, the soil comes to a state of indefinitely long dynamic equilibrium (quasi-equilibrium) with the environment, the stability of which is provided in a wide range of variations of external conditions (load) [29]
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