Виртуально-творческий межнациональный диалог (А. Жид – Ф. Ницше – Ф. Достоевский) во французском и русском литературоведении

Abstract

The review of literature on the problem of “Dialogue of cultures in A. Gide’s works” establish extensive contact and typological convergence, a rollcall of images and ideas, reveal new interpretation of the story. All this became the basis of intertextual analysis, which allows us to understand more deeply the intention of the artists of the word, especially F.M. Dostoevsky, with whom A. Gide enters into a virtual dialogue. The work purpose is to address the ethical and philo-sophical ideas of F. Nietzsche and F.M. Dostoevsky in the context of A. Gide’s works, which turns out to be the most important moment and the basis for understanding the essence of the work of prominent French writer. The system of analysis includes a peculiar dialogue between F. Nietzsche, A. Gide and F.M. Dostoevsky – artists belonging to different nationalities and cul-tures, who did not coincide in time, did not know each other personally, which turned out to be evidence of their inextricable cultural connection. We determine the study degree and A. Gide’s artistic world originality on the basis of the rich factual material contained in the studies of the creative heritage of the French writer, which allows us to trace the evolution of A. Gide’s work from the beginning of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century, to determine the literary signi-ficance of the problems posed in his work. The methodology of the work includes an overview of what has already been done in French and Russian literary studies on this issue in the context of the embodiment of national ideas in their work, which is the novelty and relevance of this study. Conclusions: for A. Gide, an appeal to F.M. Dostoevsky was immersed in his literary texts in order to understand the Russian mentality in comparison with the Western European system of values. The French writer emphasized that in the Russian environment, depicted by F.M. Dostoevsky, love prevails, which is “inclusive”, so the writer called it “world responsiveness”. People go to such love through compassion, sacrifice, meekness and deep faith in the Savior and the Mother of God. Realizing their messianic role in the world, the Russian people, represented by F.M. Dostoevsky, according to A. Gide, in the future will renew the Catholic Church, which dis-torted Christianity and brought strife in the world community. The dialogical perspective requires a deeper study, because French, German and Russian writers-thinkers turn their gaze not only to the interpretative part, not only to the interpretation, interpretation of the works of F.M. Dos-toevsky, but also scattered in the works of A. Gide rolls with his thoughts, disputes with his heroes, allusions to his plots, to playing out individual episodes, which did not find a detailed study and justification in this interesting virtual dialogue.