안면인식기술과 개인정보보호

Abstract

Face recognition technology is a method that utilizes thermal infrared photography, three-dimensional measurement, and skeletal analysis to scan, store, and recognize facial shapes or thermal images. It verifies identity by comparing facial images captured by cameras with those in a stored photo database. This technology is extensively applied in various sectors, such as identity verification and access control, due to its high accuracy and quick identification capabilities. The advancement of facial recognition technology, coupled with CCTV, the Internet of Things (IoT), and widespread network connections, is materializing dystopian fears concerning omnipresent surveillance and the ensuing erosion of privacy. Additionally, biased facial recognition technology may serve as a tool for discrimination, infringing upon the rights and freedoms of minorities and other marginalized groups. In 2023, the National Human Rights Commission of The Republic of Korea issued a statement regarding human rights violations facilitated by facial recognition technology and urged the Speaker of the National Assembly and the Prime Minister to actively respond. The statement highlighted that direct observation of individuals' faces in public spaces by the state could limit citizens' freedom of movement and lead to unwarranted surveillance. Given the unique nature of biometric information, such as facial recognition technology, the repercussions of data breaches and misuse are more severe compared to other types of personal information. Specifically, real-time facial recognition technology that targets an unspecified number of individuals in public spaces without their consent may infringe upon the right to privacy and informational self-determination, as well as other fundamental rights including privacy, freedom of assembly, and freedom of association. Furthermore, real-time facial recognition security systems pose challenges in terms of privacy protection and invasion. Hence, the security of collected facial data, defenses against hacking threats, and the secure management of facial databases require thorough examination. This study explores the legal framework and international legislative trends related to biometric information, including facial recognition technology, to identify measures for protecting personal information and ensuring the safe use of this technology.