Загальна характеристика народного музичного інструментарію Словаччини в історичному аспекті

Abstract

Research objective. The aim of the study is to uncover the history of folk musical instruments in the historical and cultural context. The main principle is a comprehensive approach to solving the tasks. The methodology of the study is to use theoretical, historical, cultural, artistic and scientific approaches, which allowed us to reveal the interaction of trends represented by the phenomena of multiculturalism, as well as the relationship between ethnicities, regions and countries in our time. The article is based on the methodological principles of the historical approach to the analysis of artistic phenomena. The common ethnographic border between the Ukrainian and Slovak populations in the Transcarpathian and Presov regions contributed to cultural, economic and folklore ties between them. Self-improving and adapting to new forms of life, the folk instrumental, vocal and dance culture of the Ruthenian-Ukrainians of Eastern Slovakia is largely a part of the modern social life in modern public life. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the attempt to comprehensively cover folk musical instruments that are historically present in Slovakia. In more than 230 settlements of northeastern Slovakia, along the Slovak-Polish state border, Ruthenian-Ukrainians, which are the westernmost ethnic branch of the Ukrainian people, live today. The practical significance of the study. Research materials can be used in the fields of arts, cultural studies, as well as to serve as a basis for further research in specialized and higher education institutions. Conclusions. Nowadays, the processes of Slovakization of the Ukrainian population, mutual influences both in vocal and instrumental performance (in musical language, styles, various playing technique, etc.) are increasing in the territory of Eastern Slovakia. Pipes, flutes, fujars, clarinets, bagpipes, violins, double basses, harmonicas, accordions, accordions, etc. are used in various spheres of life of Ruthenian- Ukrainians and Slovaks. The musical-instrumental culture of Eastern Slovakia has an important ethno-integration function that promotes the preservation of ethnic, national and cultural identity, as well as the popularization of musical folklore. Along with Slovak songs and instrumental tunes, Polish, Romanian, Gypsy, Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Czech, and Hungarian works are performed today. The current state of folk instrumental performance of Slovakia is characterized by the partial preservation of the local tradition, the functioning of such musical instruments as guitars, mandolins, various harmonics, in particular heligocar. Today, more than 10 Ukrainian cultural societies are active in Eastern Slovakia. The main task of the societies is to promote and revive history, the Ukrainian language and culture. To this end, various art competitions, festivals, master classes are organized and held. Awareness of the essence of musical instruments is impossible without taking into account the entire historical and cultural context – the specifics of social and ethnic consciousness, life, rituals, type of economic activity.