«Правда» в исследовательских работах А.П. Скафтымова о Достоевском

Abstract

The article explores the works of classical literary critic Skaftymov concerning Dostoevsky. Its aim is to provide an initial definition of the concept of “pravda,” as used in Skaftymov’s scholarly works. The meaning of this concept evolves from a student essay to the completion of the final work about the writer. “Pravda” is understood as the ethical and ontological foundation of an individual rooted in Christ’s love. It is closely tied to the ideas present in Dostoevsky’s works, where the ultimate expression of “pravda” is found in forgiveness and love. Forgiveness and love serve as the functional essence of characters such as Prince Myshkin from the novel The Idiot and Liza (the heroine of the story Notes from Underground). Prince Myshkin epitomizes Dostoevsky’s truth, living with a lovingly open acceptance of existence, a comprehension of human pride and forgiveness, compassion, and a keen sense of moral well-being. Similarly, Lise embodies “true” characteristics, including selfless heartfelt sympathy, the capacity for self-sacrifice, and moral sensitivity. These qualities are also found in Dostoevsky’s “proud” characters, who yearn for brotherly love but struggle to attain it. Skaftymov portrays the state of these “true” heroes in Dostoevsky’s artistic world as akin to Orthodox righteousness. The concept of “pravda” in Skaftymov’s interpretation is considered as a free law of life, emphasizing love and forgiveness as fundamental principles in Dostoevsky’s work.