Вплив ширини міжрядь та доз азотних добрив на водоспоживання та урожайність насіння буркуну білого однорічного

Abstract

The article presents the results of field studies with various varieties of white annual clover when growing them in the conditions of southern Ukraine. The solution to the problem of feed protein in modern economic conditions, when there is a very high cost of mineral and organic fertilizers, is possible largely due to the increase in acreage, expansion of the range and increase the yield of perennial and annual leguminous grasses. In the zone of risky farming, to which the south of Ukraine belongs, the choice of drought-resistant crops that are able to form stable yields with high quality of seeds under extreme conditions is of great importance. The white one-year white clover fully complies with these requirements - a universal-use culture with high and stable yields, drought-resistant, heat-resistant, relatively unpretentious to soils and technological. In the formation of high-yield crops of the white annual clover, a large role belongs to the variety. In turn, the full realization of the yield potential of a variety is possible only if favorable conditions for growing are created, all activities that fully comply with the requirements of this variety are carried out. Therefore, the development of new and improvement of the existing elements of the culture of cultivation, among which is the determination of the optimal row spacing and the dose of nitrogen fertilizer for the white one-year clover varieties, the South and the Donetsk one-year ones are relevant for agricultural production. The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of the formation of seed productivity of various varieties of culture by optimizing the width of the spacing and doses of nitrogen fertilizer in the conditions of the south of Ukraine. Field experience established by the method of split plots was carried out in quadruplicate with the placement of plots randomized in accordance with the method of conducting field research to improve the elements of agrotechnical methods of growing crops. In the experiment, we studied varieties of white clover of one-year-old South and Donetsk one-year (reproduction – super elite) width between rows – 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm; Nitrogen fertilization doses – without fertilizers, N 30 , N 60 , N 90 . The agrotechnical cultivation of the white one-year tributary cultivars was generally accepted for the south of Ukraine, except for the factors that were put to study. The studies used the following methods: general scientific (analysis, observation, comparison, measurement), special (field, laboratory), comparative analytical, regression, information-logical analysis and mathematical modeling. On average for 2016-2018 The maximum yield of white clover seeds of the annual one – 556 kg / ha – is established in the Yuzhny variety with a row spacing of 45 cm and a dose of nitrogen fertilizer N 60 . The analysis of variance revealed that the doses of nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest influence on the formation of the yield of white one-year white clover seeds – 71.1% and the row spacing–- 17.2%. Varieties showed the least impact on the seed productivity of the crop, the share of this factor was 6.3%.