Abstract
The concept of sustainable development is a paradigm of balanced, self-sustaining development through the interconnected achievement of environmental, social and economic goals. Although the achievement of the sustainable development goals remains pertinent for Russia in the framework of the country's reforms and international cooperation, there are almost no practical studies on the achievement of individual goals of the concept. This fully applies to the eighth goal of sustainable development, which includes the aspects of labor market and unemployment. The article attempts to fill this gap. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the concept of sustainable development, identifies the prerequisites and reasons for its appearance, the relationship between the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development. The evolution of the concept is considered through the prism of basic research papers, international events, program documents and decisions made by the world community. The change in attitude to the goals, indicators and metrics of the sustainable development is revealed. The problems of measuring the sustainable development, change of the bases for the concept and goals that ensure their achievement are considered. The role of labor and employment are considered as the bases for achieving all the goals of the sustainable development. A comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the eighth sustainable goal in Russia, which is a "decent work" category, including an assessment of its qualitative and quantitative characteristics, has been carried out. A comparative analysis and content analysis of the implementation of the goals in the field of labor and employment are carried out at the legislative and executive levels, such as in the state policy of the Russian Federation, presidential decrees, national projects and state programs. A statistical analysis of the indicators, according to which the implementation of the “decent work” goal is monitored in the Russian Federation, and a comparative analysis of the unemployment rate in the Russian Federation and developed countries have been carried out. A dynamic and correlationregression analyses of the structure of unemployment, informal employment in non-agricultural sectors, the structure of NEET youth and gender differences in wages in various sectors of the Russian Federation have been carried out. The trends characterizing the gender equality and equality of rights in the Russian labor market have been identified and statistically confirmed. Finally, it has been proved that in the near future the situation on the Russian labor and employment market may become a destabilizer of the national socio-economic system due to uneven spatial and regional development, as well as gender factors, and may pose a threat to achieving all the goals of the sustainable development.
Highlights
В статье проведен ретроспективный анализ концепции устойчивого развития, выявлены предпосылки и причины ее появления, взаимосвязь между понятиями устойчивость и устойчивое развитие
Для исследования реализации Целей устойчивого развития (ЦУР) в области труда и занятости в РФ на законодательном уровне мы проанализировали проводимую в стране социально-экономическую политику, включая указы президента и постановления правительства, национальные проекты и государственные программы [25]
It has been proved that in the near future the situation on the Russian labor and employment market may become a destabilizer of the national socio-economic system due to uneven spatial and regional development, as well as gender factors, and may pose a threat to achieving all the goals of the sustainable development
Summary
Концепция устойчивого развития – это парадигма сбалансированного и самоподдерживающегося развития, осуществляемого путем взаимосвязанного достижения экологических, социальных и экономических целей. Дальнейший план действий в области устойчивого развития под названием «Повестка дня на XXI век» был разработан в 1992 году на саммите Земли в Рио (Всемирной встрече на высшем уровне по окружающей среде и развитию). Проведенный анализ программных документов в области устойчивого развития, разработанных мировым сообществом, показал, что в течение четырех десятилетии с 1987 по 2016 годы концепция устойчивого развития, несмотря на первоначальный декларативный характер сумела сместить фокус мирового сообщества на комплекс экологических и связанных с ними социальных проблем», а также привела к формированию новой модели развития цивилизации, пришедшей на замену старой, основанную на «антропоцентризме» [21, 29, 32].
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