ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ СТАРШОЇ ПРОФІЛЬНОЇ ШКОЛИ В УКРАЇНІ

Abstract

Summary. The article analyzes the problems and prospects of the implementation of a senior specialized school in Ukraine, conducts a comparative analysis of the organization of a senior specialized school abroad, characterizes the specifics of foreign specialized schools. The main concepts and categories used in specialized school, tasks, principles, forms and methods of organizing specialized education in high school have been specified. The relevance of the study is due to the creation of a senior specialized school alongside the creation of “gymnasiums” for those seeking education at the second secondary level. The key point in the transition to specialized education is the separation of the third school level from the second and the creation of appropriate educational institutions (academic lyceums, professional lyceums, etc.). The purpose of writing this article is to analyze the problems and prospects of the development and formation of a senior specialized school in the territory of Ukraine at the present time. Research methods – analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, scientific publications of modern researchers and teachers, generalization and systematization of research results, etc. Results. The article reveals the normative and legal principles of the educational activity of the senior specialized school, its directions and the possibilities of their implementation in the relevant educational institutions in comparison with foreign ones. The article summarizes the features of creating a senior specialized school and displays them through a model. The key conditions that contribute to the effective organization of the educational process in a specialized school are highlighted, in particular, high-quality pre-professional training of students and the construction of their individual educational trajectory, etc. The individual educational trajectory involves the educational support of an individual who has certain inclinations, abilities, desires and the provision of his educational route through various types of practical activities. Usually, an individual educational trajectory of development can be built according to the directions of profiling, in particular social and humanitarian, technological, artistic and aesthetic, natural and mathematical, sports, etc. The article describes the key roles of a specialized school teacher through the prism of the development and formation of the personality of the student of education, their features and opportunities in building an effective educational process. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the research results is that, for the first time, a holistic analysis of the problem of creating a specialized school was conducted. The senior specialized school is presented as a complete system, which allows to ensure the continuity between the secondary education institution and the institution of higher education to ensure the realization and formation of each personality. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Currently, existing secondary education institutions have been modernized, and their status has changed in the process of reform. On the basis of secondary education institutions, “gymnasiums” and “lyceums” were created, which are designed to provide specialized education to students of a certain educational district. The creation of an effective senior specialized school will contribute to ensuring the vital needs of the individual and his professional development in the future. The perspective of further investigations can be the practical aspect of the activity of the senior specialized school, its effectiveness and efficiency.