Основы построения модели духовно-нравственного воспитания младших школьников в Забайкальской православной гимназии

Abstract

Importance. The main reason for the search and development of younger schoolchildren’s spiritual and moral education model of the Transbaikal Orthodox gymnasium was the theoretical and practical aspects insufficient development of relationship between spiritual (from the standpoint of Orthodox pedagogy) and moral (from the standpoint of secular pedagogy) processes; the existing types of younger schoolchildren’s education models (humanistic, sociocentric, authoritarian, etc.) have not received proper practical study in pedagogy in relation to modern conditions in law-based educational institutions that ensure the value-semantic orientation of educational activity, its technological effectiveness and orderliness. The proposed model of a younger schoolchild’ s spiritual and moral education in the Transbaikal Orthodox gymnasium should be considered as an alternative to existing educational models in modern education, which scientific and practical justification lies in the spiritual and moral education processes relationship of the individual and dialogical interaction with the Church. Materials and Methods. Theoretical methods: theoretical-methodological, conceptual-terminological analysis, historical-pedagogical and theoretical-pedagogical analysis of the practice of spiritual and moral education, theological, philosophical and psychological-pedagogical litera- ture, periodicals devoted to the issues of spiritual and moral education, the unity of historical and logical analysis, as well as historical-pedagogical analysis of various documents (Ministries of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Russian Orthodox Church, regional secular and spiritual authorities, etc.) on spiritual and moral education; comparison, generalization, pedagogical modeling. Empirical methods: the method of included observation, questionnaires, testing, systematic analysis of the practice of spiritual and moral education. Results and Discussion. In the course of the research, at the ascertaining stage, younger schoolchildren’s spiritual and moral education pedagogical model was defined, which reflects innovative methods of education that contribute to the formation of students’ skills to interact with people, develop a value orientations system, moral and personality volitional qualities, spiritual and moral feelings education. Conclusion. Younger schoolchildren’s spiritual and moral education pedagogical model in an Orthodox gymnasium is developed, its foundations and structural components are determined: institutional, targeted, meaningful, diagnostic and effective. The target component is aimed at achieving the planned results – the transformation of moral values into a personal meanings system of a younger student. These moral values are fixed in the Federal State Standard of Primary General Education and are specified in the personal results of mastering the basic educational program by younger schoolchildren. The institutional component states the presence of social institutions that directly affect the upbringing of spiritual and moral values of a younger student. Model content component reveals the meaning of education based on the child’s spiritual and moral values (love, respect, friendship, patriotism, health). The content component includes the learning process, additional education, extracurricular activities. For the effective younger schoolchild’s spiritual and moral values education, close interaction of all its components is necessary. The diagnostic and effective component includes the results of monitoring studies that reflect the reality in relation to the tasks and goals set.