ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОЦЕСУ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ СИСТЕМИ СИТУАЦІЙНИХ ДІАЛОГІЧНИХ ВПРАВ НА УРОКАХ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ В ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСАХ

Abstract

In the article, the process of forming the dialogical speech of primary school pupils by means of situational exercises is considered. The concept “situational exercises” is revealed. The author identified the periods and stages of mastering the students’ dialogical speech. The system of exercises for the development of the pupils’ dialogical speech is proposed based on the competent approach. The peculiarities of the organization of teaching and speech activity according to certain stages are described. It is proved that the system of situational exercises for the purpose of developing the pupils’ dialogical speech should consist of exercises from perception through comprehension to expression. The system of exercises includes exercises on the distinction between monologue and dialogical expression, structure analysis and dialogue editing, the use of extra-language means of communication, the formulation of questions and answers, the reorganization of the monologue into dialogue, orientation in the situation of communication, the creation of their own dialogues according to the plot pattern or verbally described situation. The effectiveness of educational situational exercises in the systematic application of them is substantiated. The system of exercises is considered not as supportive of the accelerated rate of development of dialogue speech, but aimed at providing a solid basis for a long time of application, so that the knowledge, skills and abilities that are enhanced during the learning process are formed properly. It is proved that situational exercises most contribute to the comprehension of the subject and the need for communication taking into account the individual characteristics of each student, their socialization. The emphasis is placed on the fact that mastering any competency in the system is possible provided that the quality of acquiring new skills depends directly on the quality of the pre-acquired skills that are the components of this system.