中国近代学制建⽴过程中的书院改制

Abstract

The late Qing Dynasty saw two significant events in education: the restructuring of academies and the establishment of a new educational system. These marked a shift from importing Western education to constructing a comprehensive Chinese education system by imitating Western systems. The restructuring of academies laid the foundation for the comprehensive implementation of China's modern educational system. Schools were established at various levels using academy resources, forming the basic hierarchy and main body of the primary form of modern national education. In Hunan province, the process of traditional educational institution reform showed a complex coexistence of the old and the new. The new educational system brought internal changes to institutions and an overall transformation, with both old and new elements. The experiences, methods, and resources from the old academy system have been revitalized in the new system.
 
 改制书院, 建立学制是除停罢科举以外, 淸末敎育的两个重大事件, 标志着近 代以来中国的敎育制度改革的探索, 从引西入中, 最终走上以西改中, 全面模仿 西方建设中国敎育体系的道路, 书院改制为中国近代学制方案的全面推行打下了 基础, 集中书院资源改制建设的各级学堂, 构成了近代国家敎育系统的最初的基 本层级和主体, 以湖南省为中心进行考察, 可见传统敎育机构变革的过程, 呈现 出旧中立新, 新中存旧的复杂状态, 新学制所牵涉的有关敎育机构内部的变化与 整体的转型, 表现出新旧杂陈的连续性, 旧的书院制经验, 方式, 资源在新的制 度中得以延续, 在新的敎育体制中焕发生命力,