АНАТОМИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЗУБНЫХ АЛЬВЕОЛ НИЖНЕЙ ЧЕЛЮСТИ ПЛОДА В ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНОМ ПЛОДНОМ ПЕРИОДЕ ОНТОГЕНЕЗА ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Abstract

Fundamental research on human fetal anatomy today has serious applied significance for the 
 implementation of the principles of prediction and prevention of congenital pathology. The aim is to give an 
 anatomical characteristic of the dental alveoli of the mandible of the fetus in the intermediate fetal period of 
 human ontogenesis. Materials and methods. 110 lower jaws of human fetuses of the second trimester of 
 different sex were studied using ultrasound scanning and morphological techniques. Results. In the body of 
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 the mandible, dental alveoli can be visualized using morphological techniques throughout the intermediate 
 fetal period of ontogenesis and by ultrasound scanning from week 19 of intrauterine development in an amount 
 of 8-10. The average sizes of the dental alveoli are 2.2±0.6 mm for medial incisors, 2.3±0.7 mm for lateral 
 incisors, 2.4± 0.7 mm for canines, and 3.3±1.0 mm for molars. Dental alveoli of the lower jaw in fetuses from 
 14 to 28 weeks of fetal development grow with a growth intensity range of 57.8-83.3%. The incisors and 
 canines change heterochronously from 14 to 23 weeks of gestation with a growth rate of IR=51-52.6%, from 
 24 to 27 weeks of pregnancy with a growth rate of 34%-34.5%. The dental alveoli of molars are characterized 
 by uniform growth. Conclusion. The anatomical features of the structure of dental alveoli have been estab lished, which can be used as additional markers for the detection of congenital pathology of the fetus during a 
 screening study of pregnant women. Keywords: dental alveolus, mandible, fetus, intermediate fetal period, 
 ultrasound scanning method, morphological techniques