The influence of buccal partial root on socket alteration: an animal study

Abstract

Objective To observe the buccal bone plate height and socket alteration with a buccal partial root in a tooth socket. Methods Four adult male Beagle dogs were used. Bilateral mandible the 2nd to 4th premolar distal roots were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., the group of blood filling (the root was extracted and the wound was sutured after blood filling) , the group of Bio-Oss Collagen (the root was extracted and the wound was filled with Bio-Oss Collagen and covered with Bio-Gide before suturing) and the group of buccal partial root combined with blood filling (the lingual partial root was removed while the buccal partial root was kept; the wound was sutured after blood filling) . CBCT analysis was carried out on the first day and 12th week post operation. Vertical buccal bone plate alteration and osteogenesis effect in sockets were observed with the 12th week CBCT images. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 21.0 and the significance level was 0.05. Results The buccal bone plate height in the group of blood filling reduced (1.63 ± 0.67) mm, while that of the group of Bio-Oss Collagen and the group of buccal partial root combined with blood filling was (0.77 ± 0.58) mm and (0.06 ± 0.10) mm, respectively. The vertical height alteration of buccal bone plate was much less in the group of Bio-Oss Collagen than the group of blood filling (Z=-2.205, P= 0.027) . So was the group of buccal partial root combined with blood filling compared with the group of blood filling (Z=-3.361, P= 0.001) and the group of buccal partial root combined with blood filling compared with the group of Bio-Oss Collagen (Z=-2.260, P= 0.024) . The sockets were comparatively empty in the group of blood filling. High density bone graft substitute was observed in the group of Bio-Oss Collagen. Cancellous bone was observed in the group of buccal partial root combined with blood filling. Conclusions A buccal partial root resided in the tooth socket seems have a better ability to maintain the height of the buccal bone plate than Bio-Oss Collagen. A buccal partial root may accelerate new bone formation and be in favor of tooth socket healing. Key words: Tooth root, buccal; Bone plates; Tooth socket; Collagen; Bio-Oss