Abstract
Goal. To determine peculiarities of formation of phytocenoses, productivity, chemical composition, nutritive value, and energy content of grass forages depending on the options for surface improvement of slope meadows of the mountain forest belt of the Carpathians at different modes of use. Methods. General scientific methods (hypotheses, induction and deduction, analogy, generalization) — to select the work program, and special (field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, calculation) — to conduct researches and their generalization. Results. Surface improvement of cereals and grasses (with 28% share of low-value in feed terms Nardus stricta) low-productive (1.39 t/ha of dry weight) slope grasslands of mountain forest belt of the Carpathians improves their species composition and chemical composition of feed increases the productivity of the land. Share of sowed cereals or legumes increases to 34 – 46%. Under the hay regime the highest efficiency as to the output from 1 ha of dry mass was fixed for reseeding mixtures of grasses on the background of N60P30K60 (4.33 t), for the multi-mow regime — reseeding of white clover on the background of P30K60 (3,71 t), that was, respectively, by 14 and 106% more than in the variants without reseeding, and by 146 and 167% more than in the variants without improvement. Among measures of surface improvement influencing forage quality by chemical composition, increasing the content of crude protein, was the introduction of N60P30K60 or 15 t/ha of manure at multi-mow use, and reseeding of white clover — on the background P30K60. Regardless of the measures of surface improvement the highest content of crude protein, the best energy content, and nutritional value of grass fodder were fixed for multi-mow (simulated pasture) mode of use than for hay-mowing. Conclusions. Surface improvement of meadows of the mountain forest belt of the Carpathians with natural grass by operating factors of the improvement of species composition and quality of grass fodder, as well as an increase of their productivity, is the annual entering of N60P30K60 or 15 t/ha of manure, or N60P30K60 + reseeding of grass mixture (Lolium pratense and Phleum pratense) for hay use, or P30K60 + reseeding of white clover for multi-mow use. The best positive effect ensures the application of mineral fertilizers in combination with the reseeding of perennial grasses.
Highlights
Без добрив* components of the mixture: 1) meadow thyme, 6 kg / ha +2) meadow fireweed, 10 kg / ha
Today, livestock in Ukraine is insufficiently provided with high-quality high-protein feeds, which is primarily due to low yields of forage crops and their imbalance in protein
One of the main criteria for assessing the nutritional value of feed is the content of digestible protein, the lack of which in the diet reduces the productive effect of other nutrients [8]
Summary
* components of the mixture: 1) meadow thyme, 6 kg / ha +2) meadow fireweed, 10 kg / ha. Among the options for surface improvement of the experiment with hay use, the most positive effect on the chemical composition of the feed had options with the introduction of N60P30K60, N60P30K60 + sowing of cereals and with the introduction of 15 t/ha of manure In this case, compared with the variants without fertilizers and with the introduction of P30K60, the content of crude protein increased by 2.0-2.6%, protein — by 1.6-2.2% and decreased the content of BER — by 2.7-3,1%. In the case of multi-use, the best indicators of chemical composition were characterized by the option with the introduction of P30K60 + sowing of creeping clover, where the content of crude protein and protein in the dry mass was the highest (19.0 and 15.8%, respectively), which is 1.2-1.4 and 1.0–1.2% more than in the variants with N60P30K60 or 15 t/ha of manure and by 4.0-4.1 and 3.3-3.4% more in comparison with the variants without fertilizers and with by making P30K60. The content of organic matter in the feed and its digestibility on sloping meadows depending on surface improvement measures (average for 2017-2019)
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