Abstract
Goal. To determine the features of the formation of efficiency, chemical composition, nutritive value, and energy content of grass forages depending on surface improvement of meadows of the mountain-forest belt of the Carpathians Mountains. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. It is shown that productivity of dry matter for 1 ha over 3 years of research made on average: for haymaking – 2.15–4.77 t, for perennial mowing — 1.95–4.11 t. For haymaking usage, the highest productivity was at sowing the mixtures of cereal grasses on the background of N60P30K60. For perennial mowing usage, the highest productivity was at sowing white clover on the background of P30K60. It respectively made 12% and 85% more than in the variants without interplanting, and 122% and 111% more than in the variants without surface improvement. The best uniformity of distribution of crop biomass was obtained for perennial mowing with interplanting white clover on the background of P30K60. In this case, the share of the 1st mowing was 39%, 2nd — 33, and 3rd — 28% with the unevenness expressed by the coefficient of variation of 18%. From measures of surface improvement of forage quality as to chemical composition (a primarily, increase of the content of crude protein) they noted the introduction of N60P30K60 or 15 t/ha of manure. For perennial mowing, a similar effect was noted for interplanting white clover on the background P30K60. Regardless of the measures of surface improvement the highest content of crude protein, the best energy content, and the nutritional value of grass fodder had perennial mowing (simulation of pasture meadow). Conclusions. For surface improvement of meadows of the mountain-forest belt of the Carpathians Mountains with natural herbage, the working factors influencing the productivity and improving the quality of grass fodder are the annual introduction of N60P30K60 or 15 t/ha of manure, or N60P30K60 + interplanting of mixtures of grasses of fescue and timothy for haymaking use, or P30K60 + interplanting of white clover for perennial mowing use. The application of mineral fertilizers in combination with the interplanting of perennial grasses ensures the best positive effect.
Highlights
Without improvementTwo slopes were obtained with productivity parameters in the 1st slope of 1.46–2.77 tons and in the 2nd — 0.69–2.00 tons with a share of the total yield of 58–68% and 32–43%
Today, livestock in Ukraine is insufficiently provided with high-quality high-protein feeds, which is primarily due to low yields of forage crops and their imbalance in protein
One of the main criteria for assessing the nutritional value of feed is the content of digestible protein, the lack of which in the diet reduces the productive effect of other nutrients [8]
Summary
Two slopes were obtained with productivity parameters in the 1st slope of 1.46–2.77 tons and in the 2nd — 0.69–2.00 tons with a share of the total yield of 58–68% and 32–43%. Among the options for surface improvement of the experiment with hay use, the most positive effect on the chemical composition of the feed had options with the introduction of N60P30K60, N60P30K60 + sowing of cereals and with the introduction of 15 t/ha of manure In this case, in comparison with the variants without fertilizers and with the application of P30K60, the content of crude protein increased by 2.3%, protein — 1.8-2.0% and decreased the content of BER by 2.3-3.2%. In the case of multi-use, the best indicators of chemical composition were characterized by the variant with the introduction of P30K60 + sowing of creeping clover, where the content of crude protein and protein in the dry mass was the highest (19.2 and 15.9%, respectively), which is 1.0-1.3 and 0.8–1.0% more than in the variants with N60P30K60 application by 3.8–4.0 and 3.3–3.1% with variants without fertilizers and with P30K60 application. The content of organic matter in the feed and its digestibility in floodplain meadows, depending on the options for surface improvement
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