ПРО СИСТЕМУ ЗАСОБІВ ЗАХИСТУ ПРАВ У КОНТЕКСТІ КЕРІВНИХ ПРИНЦИПІВ ООН З ПИТАНЬ БІЗНЕСУ ТА ЛЮДИНИ

Abstract

The presented paper, giving the reference to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aimed at transforming our world, underlines the internationally recognized foremost importance of human rights protection. The presently intensified economic globalization causes concerns in regard to responsibility of states and business entities to respect and safeguard human rights. Thus, the author presents the UN contribution into establishing the system of human rights remedies, that can and should be applied by states, subjects of economic activities and other stakeholders in order toensure the rights of individuals in case of the business-related abuses and violations. On the basis of the UN experience and the current international practices, being actively elaborated after the adoption of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights of 2011, the author indicates the essence and the content of the legal phenomenon of the system of remedies for rights protection. In particular, the paper provides some specific characteristics of the State-based judicial, State-based non-judicial and non-State based non-judicial mechanisms for protecting human rights in business. The judicial remedies, being the basic, need to be more efficient; the international community calls for more profound development of the State-based non-judicial remedies, paying significant attention to the role of the national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, incl. Ombuds-institutions. The system of the non-State based non-judicial mechanisms is described as an evolving matter; business entities, especially transnational corporations, are to incorporate them into their policies and practice, to ensure their responsibility to respect human rights. The advantages and shortcomings of all the above mentioned mechanisms are described in general. The UN requirement towards states and businesses to provide a complex approach — "a bouquet of remedies" is presented, also as a recommendation for Ukraine. The suggested conclusions underline the importance of implementing in Ukraine the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in the overall context of realization of the Sustainable Development Goals. This includes the necessity to integrate the UN Guiding Principles into the national policy, strategic and legal acts in a number ofareas, to establish a holistic and efficient system of remedies in cases of business-related human rights abuses and violations. The evident benefits for Ukraine and Ukrainians, provided the required international provisions are implemented, are identified.