Моделювання насіннєвої продуктивності сортів пшениці озимої залежно від норм висіву та умов зволоження

Abstract

One of the most important elements of the technology of growing wheat seeds is the creation of optimal scientifically justified areas of plant nutrition. They are provided with appropriate standards and methods of sowing, taking into account the biological characteristics of the varieties, as well as the soil, climatic and agro-ecological conditions of the specific regions. In the scientific literature, there are different opinions regarding the formation of the quality of wheat seeds for different seed rates and feeding areas. Supporters of increased feeding areas believe that low seed rates and broad crops help to better utilize nutrients and moisture from the soil, and increase the productivity of photosynthesis. Under such conditions, the multiplication factor, the weight of 1000 seeds, the seed yield and yield quality of the seeds increases. It has been established that the optimum level for high winter wheat yields is optimum for seed production with improved harvesting qualities. Instead, other scientists believe that seeding should have a seeding rate of 3.0-3.5 million pounds per hectare, since such a norm provides not only high yields but also large, well-balanced seeds. Also among unexplained issues is the effect of irrigation on seed yield and its biological properties. The purpose of the research was to study the seed yield of winter wheat varieties, depending on the seed rate and humidity conditions, and to develop mathematical models of their productivity depending on the natural and agronomic factors. The task of the study was to determine the influence of the investigated factors on the dynamics of seed yield, quality indices, as well as the parameters of the dispersion, variation and correlation-regression analysis of experimental data. Field experiments were carried out according to special methods according to the scheme, which included the study of varietal composition, seed rates and conditions of moisture. Agricultural technology cultivating winter wheat varieties was generally recognized for Southern Ukraine, in addition to the studied seeding and moisture conditions. The yield of the best of the studied varieties – Khersonsʹka Bezosta for different seed rates was 3.08-4.04 t/ha; the yield of other varieties was significantly lower and did not exceed 2.5 t/ha. The Khersonsʹka Bezosta quality showed higher yields in irrigated areas in other years. On average, in the three years of research, it was 5.0 t/ha, which is much higher than the collection of seeds of other varieties. It was established that on average for three years in all varieties the maximum yield was formed at the rates of seeding 5.0 and 7 million pcs/ha: in non-irrigated areas – respectively 4.3 and 4.4 t/ha, on irrigated – respectively 8.1 and 8.0 t/ha. This suggests that raising the seed rate to 7.0 million pounds per hectare does not lead to significant changes in the yield level. The dispersion analysis established the effect and interaction of the investigated factors on the yield of winter wheat seeds. It was established that the maximum influence on the productivity of the plants of the studied culture had the condition of moisture – factor C, whose impact increased to 57.1%. The composition of the varieties (factor A) slightly affected the formation of the investigated indicator – 3.7%, and seed rates (factor B) – only 0.9%. Thus, it was established that the maximum seed yield was formed at the rate of seeding 5.0 and 7.0 million pcs/ha in non-irrigated areas – respectively 4.28 and 4.35 t/ha, irrigated – 8.11 and 8.03 t/ha. Increasing the seed rate to 7.0 million pounds per hectare does not lead to significant changes in the yield level. The processing of experimental data using the correlation Pleiades method allowed establishing a different degree and orientation of the crop yields of the seeds with the quality parameters of winter wheat, especially under irrigation conditions.