Методологічні новації у сучасному науковому пізнанні

Abstract

The article reveals the essence of the methodology in two aspects: as a process of integration of methods of scientific knowledge and as a process of increment of new knowledge. In the article substantiated the new methodological research: the essence of modern interdisciplinary approach through a systematic approach, strengthening the paradigm of integrity and integrativity in the science, forming a new conceptual apparatus based on synergetic, connection between science and system of the non-scientific knowledge. The article investigates new methods of cognition, such as abduction, computerization, the method of cases, and the method of research of kumatoid objects. The article explains the process of formation and essence of the methodology, its relationship with logic. In modern science the notion «methodology is functionally-organizing, directed-governing value of research activities and expresses the reflexive-systematization function of the scientific thinking. In the first case the methodology is understood as a set of methods of the cognitive activity in one or another science, that is, it acts as a set of methods of activity and requirements for the thinking subject, which are formed on the basis of laws. The second value indicates the need to analyze the common problems of formation, selection and application of scientific methods in the unity of the bases of their existence, structure and content, links, efficiency etc. Methodology of scientific knowledge is explained not only as a set of methods, forms, ways and means of scientific knowledge, but also as a process of increment of new knowledge, explaining the methodological innovations in the modern scientific knowledge is different, that their development promoted the formation postnonclassical type of rationality. The article proposed as innovative methodological studies following. First, suggest a profound study of objects from a position of a multidisciplinary approach. The first paradigm is focused on finding ways to balance the analyzed systems. The second marks the transition from the research of equilibrium systems to no-equilibrium systems, irreversible condition and highly sophisticated complex systems. A third paradigm analyzes the various systems theories and their conceptual apparatus, it is defined as metosystem. The process of strengthening the integrity and integrativity science is investigated as a methodological innovation. The article substantiates interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge systems. Through the use of a synergistic approach discloses a process for forming a new conceptual apparatus reflecting instability, nonlinearity, uncertainty. The structuring, ordering and chaos of the world are attributed to the objective universal characteristics. In the article the synergetic is explained as a methodological innovation, which includes its contents new priorities general picture of the world: the concept of an unstable, non-equilibrium world, the phenomenon of uncertainty and multialternative development ideas formation of order from chaos. Particular attention is paid to strengthening of non-traditional tools and methods of research, which are borders with a sphere of nonrational thinking. This system is a system of nonscientific knowledge. The presence of a large system nonscientific knowledge is required by the development of science, together with knowledge of the new system recognized methods, forms and means of knowledge. In modern methodological innovations highlighted a number of new methods of knowledge. This article include: abduction , as a stage of cognitive activity, consisting of forming conclusions based on empirical facts and nominate their previous hypotheses; computerization, as the process of using computer technology for rapid acquisition, accumulation and transformation of information , the method of case studies examining specific situations and problems and is looking for options for their solutions , the method of research kumatoid objects , consisting in the orientation of modern science to the study of floating , unstable objects , it is used in social studies , as well as in quantum physics.