Вплив біологічних препаратів та вологоутримуючих аграрних гідрогелей на продуктивність та азотофіксуючу здатність сортів гороху

Abstract

The article highlights data concerning the effectiveness of biologies, water-retaining agrarian hydrogels and growth stimulants, used in various combinations for preseeding and sowing treatment of Oplot and Tsarevich varieties of Pisum Sativum in the southern Steppe of Ukraine. The study was done during the 2013-2015 th on the southern chernozem and based on the Educational and Scientific-Practical center of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. It’s specified that biologies are the most effective factors in the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis and the crop yield formation of defined varieties of Pisum Sativum. The Escort-Bio preseeding treatment with further foliar application by Mochevin-K2, D2 and Escort-Bio during the vegetation period provided the most intensive nodulation. On average (for both pea varieties) the Mochevin-K6 preseeding treatment versus no absorbents increased the yield by 10.3%, the Escort-Bio treatment increased by 12.7%; and preseeding treatment with the Aquasave background – by 10.4% and 11% respectively, and with the AgroHydroGel background – by 12.3 and 11.7% respectively. The highest crop yield of the Tsarevich variety – 2.94 t/ha three-year average – was formed under the Escort-Bio preseeding treatment combined with the Aquasave and Escort-Bio foliar feeding at both 5-6 leaves and budding-and-pod-formation phases. Using the same background with AgroHydroGel provided a 2.92 t/ha crop yield, that exceeded the absolute control by 69.9 and 68.8% respectively and showed no difference between two absorbents. In the case of the Oplot variety with the same parameters, but used for foliar feeding the organic biological product D2, the pea grain yield was 2.93 and 2.90 t/ha, that higher than the Control by 65.5 and 64.8% respectively. In general, the productivity of pea varieties from water-retaining absorbents increased slightly by 2.5-4.1%. Pea grain yield after using biologies were much greater. The number of nodules changed with the same dependence: for the Tsarevich pea variety – up to 202 pcs, and for the Oplot variety – up to 166 pcs of 10 plants for the best variants, that more that Control by 43.3 and 37.2% respectively. The nodules weight increased from 1.26 g to 2.3 g of 10 plants. It was defined that the pea grain yield is about 3.0.t/ha under combination of the following factors: the Mochevin-K6 or Escort-Bio preseeding treatment, the Mochevin-K2, D2 and especially Escort-Bio foliar feeding at both 5-6 leaves and budding-and-pod-formation phases, and the Aquasave or AgroHydroGel absorbent added to soil before sowing by dose 20 kg/ha.