Основные положения по управлению структурой источников наружного противопожарного водоснабжения и средств пожаротушения населенных пунктов

Abstract

Purpose. Large-scale wildfires and mass fires in settlements result in people loss, damage the environment and country's economy. In this regard, the authors raise the issue of improving organization of extinguishing such emergencies in settlements, as well as the need to develop a scientific-methodological approach to managing the structure of external fire water supply sources and fire extinguishing equipment in settlements. This will allow evaluating and justifying means and forces to ensure protection and safety of settlements as well as readiness of local authorities for a fire hazard period and protection of rural settlements from fire exposure; reducing response time to fires; preventing or reducing population loss. Methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the concepts of systems theory, mathematical statistics apparatus, algorithms theory, sets theory and reliability theory, theory of information and mathematical logic, the main methods of justifying and evaluating the effectiveness of water supply systems elements in settlements. Findings. An algorithm for controlling the structure of external water supply sources and fire extinguishing equipment for settlements in case of large-scale or mass fires has been developed. Research application field. The obtained results are recommended for use in developing summary plan for extinguishing forest fires in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation; passport of a settlement subjected to forest fires hazard; activities plan for preventing and eliminating natural and man-made emergencies in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. The developed scientific and methodological approach to managing the structure of external water supply sources and fire extinguishing equipment in settlements in case of large-scale or mass fires is the theoretical basis for decision support to be used by fire and rescue units in protecting settlements from the impact of large-scale or mass fires.