Формирование корневой системы хвойных растений в насаждениях г. Ижевска (Удмуртская Республика)

Abstract

A study of the root systems of tree species, their distribution in soil in horizontal and vertical directions, expressed by quantitative and qualitative indicators in the form of architectonics, underground phytomass, volume, surface, area and root saturation, answers many questions regarding the growth and development of tree plants. The growth conditions and species characteristics of plants have a significant effect on the formation of the root system.The studies were carried out in the large industrial center of the Ural region of Izhevsk in plantations of various environmental categories, i.e. plantings of the residential zone and plantings along the highways. As a zone of conditional control, a city park of landscape type named after S.M. Kirov. The objects of the study were coniferous species: the representative of the local flora such as European spruce (Pícea ábies L.) and the introduced species — Blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), prevailing among the coniferous species used in the city’s landscaping. In the course of the research, the peculiarities of P. pungens and P. ábies in the formation of the root system in an anthropogenic environment were revealed, manifested in a change in the root saturation index of the meter soil layer, the length of the roots, the ratio of root fractions and their distribution in soil horizons. The total root saturation of a meter layer of soil is higher in P. pungens, but under the conditions of the highest technogenic load in the mainline stands, this indicator is higher in P. ábies. In park plantings in both species, the maximum root saturation was noted in the first soil horizon, while the anthropogenic load in P. ábies increased in the second horizon, and in P. pungens in the third soil horizon. The proportion of different root fractions also changes. P. pungens increases the proportion of semi-skeletal roots, P. ábies increses skeletally, and in conditions of high anthropogenic load it makes half-skeleton and suction roots.