Почвенная микофлора агроценозов яровых рапса и рыжика

Abstract

The main aim of agricultural production is development of technologies saving yield. The basic factor in this area is a high effective soil fertility, which depends on soil micromycets. The purpose of the research was to study impact of spring rapeseed and false flax on qualitative and quantitative composition of soil micromycetes in crops agrocenoses in the Krasnodar region. The research was conducted at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2020–2022. The objects of the research were soil micromycetes in agrocenoses of spring rapeseed and false flax. There was studied soil layer from 0 to 10 cm as it contains the most side roots of these crops. The soilsuspension of second dilution (1 : 100) was sowed on a Chapek’s nutrient media. The different amounts of fungi Trichoderma spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Mucor spp. were allocated in soil samples. In this complex, number of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium spp. fungi were higher, at the beginning of the crop vegetation their amounts were in average 5.0–5.6 × 103 and 3.9– 4.4 × 103 CFU/g, respectively. In a phase of yellow pod, the number of fungi-suppressors Trichoderma spp. in soil increased: under rapeseed to 8.0 × 103 CFU/g, under false flax – to 1.1 × 104 CFU/g. The amount of Fusarium spp. fungi in soil at the end of a growing season also raised insignificantly (to 5.5 and 6.2 × 103 CFU/g, respectively). Thus, the quantity of fungi-suppressors Trichoderma spp. in soil under studied oil cole crops increased during a growing season to 8.0 × 103–1.1 × 104 CFU/g that increased the effective soil fertility. It allows recommending them to include into crop rotation with other agricultural crops, which do not have universal diseases with cole crops.