The yield of winter wheat depending on the sequence in the crop rotation and variety in the conditions of the Rostov region

Abstract

Relevance . Winter wheat is one of the most valuable and high-yielding grain crops. The growth of its production, quality and stability of gross output is an important aspect of the country's economic independence. The trend of improving agricultural technologies in the conditions of sanctions is relevant. Methods . The experiment was conducted in 2021—2022 agricultural year on ordinary chernozem in the Rostov region. Objects of research: winter wheat plants of Yuka, Grom, Tanya varieties , sown after crop rotation crops Cicer arietinum (L.) and Camelina sativa (L.). Results . The density of the soil in a layer of 0–40 cm in wheat crops was different in variants; a tendency of compaction from germination to earing was observed. Field germination of wheat varied from 61 to 79%. The average linear deviation for Camelina sativa (L.) was 6.44, and for Cicer arietinum (L.) — 6.89. On average, during the period "germination — earing", the moisture supply index in crops sown after Camelina sativa (L.) was higher by 12.1–18.7% relative to crops sown after Cicer arietinum (L.). The highest indicators of the average linear deviation in plant development occur at the germination phase — 1.78 and 1.11 for Camelina sativa (L.) and Cicer arietinum (L.), respectively, the lowest indicators — at the earing phase — 0.89 and 0.67, respectively. A tendency of decrease in the nitrogen content in plants from germination to earing has been established. After the predecessor Camelina sativa (L.), a decrease in nitrogen accumulation in plants was higher by 10.4–16.6% than after Cicer arietinum (L.). Wheat yield varied according to the experimental variants from 4.81 to 5.98 t/ha.