Конкурентний аналіз провідних контейнерних портів Азії

Abstract

The article emphasizes that more than 20% of the global container traffic falls on Asian ports. Port efficiency is important enough for the Chinese government. However, ports face a number of problems, such as the lack of port facilities, poor interaction of infrastructure and bureaucratic management, and inefficient operation of equipment. It is proved that these problems will acquire great importance, since the Chinese economy is increasingly feeling the challenges of globalization, which have covered almost all countries of the world. But there are significant limitations to port throughput through the depth of port approaches. It is important for the port to obtain and maintain a competitive advantage over its competitors. Thus, modern container ports should work with this strategic moment in mind. The purpose of the work is to study the competitiveness of container ports in Asia. The most competitive port in China is determined. The empirical analysis confirms the general view that Hong Kong is China's most competitive port, followed by Shanghai and Yantian. These three ports handle most of the container traffic in the country. In addition, Hong Kong is the number one port in the world, Shanghai is the most promising port in mainland China, and Yantian is the most competitive port in South China. It has been established that the “location” parameter still plays a crucial role in assessing the competitiveness of the port. The geographical location is fixed, and the cargo volume has a close relationship with the location – this is especially true for China. These two parameters are considered primarily for competitiveness. However, port “facilities” and “services” are considered capable of manipulation. Therefore, of course, many ports around the world have put considerable effort into tools and service elements to increase and maintain a certain level of competitiveness compared to other ports. The analysis of port competitiveness based on a technique that allows you to combine both qualitative and quantitative indicators in the analysis. When assessing the competitiveness of ports, quantitative and qualitative data were combined and an attribute model was used, which is often used in competitive analysis in the industry. This approach can be applied in various ways to decision-making and policy choices in any port in the world, and it clearly shows the areas the port operator or port should cover.