АСПЕКТИ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ПРАВИЛ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ ЗІТКНЕННЯ СУДЕН

Abstract

The study is devoted to the development of proposals that would allow for a more complete consideration of the requirements for actions to avoid ships in various situations. On the basis of the analysis of methods for ensuring safe avoidance it is established that the most suitable variant of setting safety limits can be considered as target domains. It is noted that when passing by target at long distance, it is necessary to take into account in domain the features of own ship and that target. The first vessel is considered as a point when solving the problems of collision avoidance in this case. When it is necessary to pass by at a short distance, the size of the own ship is not taken into account in the target domains. Own ship is represented as a rectangle with sides equal to her length and width. It is noted that the most appropriate way to prevent collisions with navigational obstacles is to use the boundaries of safe bearing, distances, lanes, depths (isobaths, "no go areas" contours) in onboard collision avoidance systems. These boundaries should be stored in the system memory. An indicator for determining the significance of a change in course or/and speed is proposed. The method is chosen and the duration of maneuver calculation is found with its help, at which the results obtaining will be considered in real time. The necessity to disregard point (b) in COLREGs Rule 14 when automatically determining the type of situations is justified, as its taking into account reduces the number of existing variants of approaching ships with the risk of collision on opposite courses. A refined list of binary situations affecting the choice of maneuvers in free waters in normal visibility is presented. The actions answering the binary situations and not contradicting COLREGs are proposed for power driven ships and vessels with different navigational status in free waters in normal visibility. Eight types of acceptable action zones were identified and prioritized to select maneuvers in the presence of moving and stationary obstacles. The maneuver option is selected in the zone with the highest priority. Keywords: collision avoidance, domain of danger, binary situations, compliance with COLREGs, zones of acceptable actions