الحلم بين الأمثال والحكم في الشعر العربي

Abstract

ABSTRACT The proverbs and maxims, being the summary of Arabs experiences, gist of their wits and fruit of their wisdom, hold an important place among the Arabs. The proverbs and maxims depict, like Arabic poetry, the nature of Arabs life and express the manifestations of their moral values. Proverbs were in common use in their daily conversation in pre Islamic era and were transferred to Islamic period as these were used by the later generations in their communications and writing for centuries. Multiple human virtues, moral values and good deeds were featured in Arabic proverbs and maxims as well as in poetry, one of greatest in dignity and best in ranking amongst these, is the virtue of forbearance (hilm). Forbearance can be called the mother of all virtues because no other moral feature of human character like suppression of anger, pardon, compassion and mercy, can be fully actualized in the absence of patience and tolerance (hilm). So the virtue of (hilm) became the necessary element of the leadership of a tribe and compulsory condition for it. So the Arabic proverbs and maxims spur on the virtue of hilm and encourage to suppress the insurgency, arrogance and ignorance. This research work highlights the phenomenon of hilm in the light of Arabic proverbs and maxims that has been used by Arab poets in their poetry.