Анализ нормативного метода оценки доли перелившейся через ограждение жидкости при квазимгновенном разрушении резервуара

Abstract

Purpose. When assessing fire risks at oil and petroleum product storage facilities, it is necessary, alongside, to consider the scenario of a liquid spill in case of quasi-explosive tank destruction. The breakthrough wave formed in this case is able to overflow through safety enclosure. The normative method allows assessing the proportion of overflowing liquid only through the enclosure in the form of vertical protective walls, while earth dikes of trapezoidal shape with different slope angles have become most widespread at the specified objects of protection. The article justifies the relevance of continuing the research on assessing the proportion of liquid overflowing through enclosures of various geometric shapes in case of quasi-explosive destruction of the tank. Methods. Statistical data analysis methods on actual quasi-explosive tank failures at production facilities in Russia and abroad have been used, including a full-scale experiment on the destruction of VST-700 with water, as well as observations, comparisons, descriptions, and generalizations. Findings. It is shown that the definition of the term quasi-explosive tank failure requires additions and clarifications based on statistical data analysis on the destruction of vertical steel tanks. The mechanism for opening the wall of a vertical steel tank has been clarified, which leads to the occurrence of a breakthrough wave, and its characteristics has been given. The application limitations of the existing method for estimating the proportion of overflowing liquid only through the enclosures in the form of vertical protective walls have been justified. Research application field. The results of the study can be used for developing the tenets of the method for determining fire risk design values at production facilities when considering a scenario related to a liquid spill in case of quasi-explosive destruction of a vertical steel tank. Conclusions. Based on the analysis results of the tenets of the method under consideration, the necessity to continue studies aimed at assessing the proportion of liquid overflowing through enclosures of various geometrical shapes during tank destruction, the value of which is needed for quantitative assessment of fire risks at production facilities, has been justified.