Особливості функціонального стану центральної нервової системи у осіб зі середнім ступенем набутої короткозорості

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of the functional state of the central nervous system of persons aged 18–35 with medium degree of acquired myopia according to their individual-typological characteristics and the main properties of attention and short-term memory. The studied parameters were assessed in 30 healthy people with normal vision (control group) and 30 people with medium myopia (experimental group). As typological characteristics of high nervous activity were investigated sensorimotor reactions (the latent period of simple and complex visual-motor reactions selecting one of the two and two of the three signals), functional mobility of nervous processes and the speed of the central information processing. It has been revealed that myopic people are characterized by higher levels of indicators of complex sensorimotor response and speed of central information processing, a high level of functional mobility of nervous processes. This is manifested in their faster fulfillment of tasks requiring complex analytical-synthetic brain activity, including the recognition of visual signals. Analysis of the characteristics of process of attention showed that people with myopia have higher rates of accuracy of work (fewer amounts of errors), concentration of attention with a slightly reduced volume of visual information and speed of fulfillment the tasks. In the complicated test conditions (under the action of inhibitory processes), they retain mentioned above the trend and demonstrate better quality of visual information processing than healthy people. At the same time, a group of people with medium myopia recorded higher volumes of short-term memory (visual and auditory), as well as a high level of memorization of verbal information than digital (compared to control group). Also, we established significant differences between the studied groups in the following indicators: neurodynamic characteristics – the time of simple visual-motor reactions (n=30; р=0,003), functional mobility of nervous processes (n=30; р=0,008) and speed of the central information processing (n=30; р=0,001); indicators of attention (n=30; р=0,001) – the total number of viewed characters, the volume of visual information, the number of errors, the level of concentration, overall mental performance (in task 1); volumes of visual and auditory short-term memory and memory for verbal / non-verbal material (n=30; р=0,04-0,001).