Словники турцизмів болгарської мови: історія укладання

Abstract

Background: In Bulgarian and Turkish lexicography, Bulgarian-Turkish and Turkish-Bulgarian dictionaries occupy a significant place due to the historical peculiarities of the mutual relations of both nations. Dictionaries of Turkisms are a kind of dictionaries of foreign words, that, unlike conventional dictionaries of foreign words, include borrowed vocabulary from one language and allow to represent it in a wider scope. The Compilation of Dictionaries of Turkisms has a long tradition and in recent years there has been an increase of lexicographical work in this area, both in Bulgaria and in Turkey. Purpose: This article aims to trace the history of compilation of the dictionaries of Turkisms of Bulgarian language in the Bulgarian and European lexicography, outline the reasons that led to the necessity of such lexicographic manuals and to analyze a number of publications published in the past and at the present stage. Results: Due to the prolonged rule of the Ottoman Turks in Bulgaria, many borrowings from the language of the oppressors entered the Bulgarian language. Therefore, during the Bulgarian national revival, Bulgarian enlighteners tried to replace the Turkish vocabulary with words from dialects, Slavic and Western European languages, or authorial neologisms. With that end in view, in the 30’s and 40’s of the XIX century some enlighteners began to add to their works the vocabularies of the Turkisms with their equivalents offered. During the XX century, the lexicographic processing of Turkisms to different extents was carried out in dictionaries of different types – explanatory, translation, dialect, etymological, dictionaries of foreign words, slang dictionaries. The return to the compilation of dictionaries of Tukisms of the Bulgarian language was caused by intensive use of Turkish loanwords in Bulgarian media language after the fall of the communist regime (1989). Dictionaries of Turkisms as full-fledged lexicographical manuals appear in the twenty-first century. An overview of lexicographical publications showed that the dictionaries of the past differ from the modern dictionaries of Turkisms in their puristic orientation. Modern dictionaries are complied in order to explain the meaning of Turkish loanwords, since for not all Bulgarians, Turkisms make a semantically understandable layer of vocabulary. Key words: dictionary of Turkisms, Ottoman Turkisms, the Bulgarian national revival, the Bulgarian language, Ottoman Turkish, lexicography, dictionary compilation.