Abstract
Introduction. Aquaculture is one of the sectors of food production in which antibiotics are widely used. Taking into account the global problem of increasing drug resistance of microorganisms, aquaculture targets can serve as reservoirs for the accumulation, selection and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). Relevance. Currently, the ubiquity of antibiotic resistance genes is one of the threats to public health. Aim. This review discusses the results of studies of antibiotic resistance genes isolated both from various aquaculture environments (water, sediments, sewage) and from resistant bacteria that have etiological significance in the occurrence of diseases of commercial fish species, molluscs, crustaceans, etc. Methods. The analysis of both foreign and domestic publications has been carried out. In foreign studies, molecular genetic methods of detecting ARGs in total DNA samples of aquaculture targets are mainly used. The metagenomic quantification of the bacterial communities and ARGs by sequencing is the most indicative one. Results. Despite the relevance of the topic, there are no available publications that are directly devoted to the resistomes in the targets of the Russian aquaculture. Basically, the study of antibiotic resistance in this area focuses only on the phenotypic manifestations of the resistance of fish pathogenic bacteria to the antibiotics widely used in the Russian aquaculture. Conclusion. Accumulated research results on this subject matter are quite extensive; their summarization within a single review article might facilitate the further work in this area.
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