Ризик-орієнтований моніторинг екологічних факторів впливу на якість життя у мегаполісах

Abstract

The aim of the research is to develop recommendations for monitoring the quality of habitat in megacities, taking into account the uncertainty factor and the risks of man-made factors of influence. Materials and methods. National and regional reports on the state of the natural environment in Ukraine, research of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists on assessing the quality of life in the metropolis and the effectiveness of environmental monitoring in the management decision-making system are used as research materials. To achieve the goal of the research, the methods of system analysis, elements of the theory of fuzzy sets, the theory of probabilities, the theory of decision-making, Euclidean metrics, etc. are used. The results. The task of modern monitoring systems is constant monitoring of the current level of pollution, as well as forecasting possible trends of changes in this level, with the possibility of observing and identifying the state of environmental pollution. The task of identifying the dynamics of the technogenic pollution area can be reduced to the analysis of observations and comparisons of their results with each other by evaluating the Euclidean metric. Identifying the limit levels of pollution at which their harmful effects begin to manifest, as well as establishing the synergism effect will allow to provide an integral assessment of the quality of the environment. Conclusions. Management of the level of influence of environmental factors on the quality of life in megapolis is related to the solution of such problems as the creation of procedures for effective identification of the state, the development of a set of unified scenarios for overcoming problems, the need to form the structure of a typical decision-making system in crisis situations, etc. As a rule, management decisions in the field of environmental safety of megacities take place under conditions of uncertainty. The choice of one or another alternative is influenced by such factors as remote or indirect consequences of decisions, problems of "trifles" in the information provision of management decision-making, etc.