ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ

Abstract

The article proves that today, in conditions of drastic changes in macro- and micro-environments, Ukrainian railway transport enterprises are not always able to adequately and flexibly respond to these changes, as a result of which the industry's potential opportunities for obtaining economic benefits can turn into a source of problems. Studies have shown that currently the characteristic features of the modern state of railway transport enterprises are a high level of wear and tear of the rolling stock and material and technical base, a critical level of the financial state of the industry, as well as open questions regarding restructuring, the development of public-private partnerships, attracting investments, and technical innovations. and technological modernization in the industry. This situation arose as a result of: almost complete lack of state support, state funding, which does not allow covering the needs for maintenance and development of transport infrastructure; lack of own means of railways; lack of external funding sources; administrative restrictions on the increase of railway transport tariffs, which does not allow to accumulate funds for capital investments; imperfections of the legislative and regulatory framework. To date, the railways of Ukraine have a sufficiently high level of efficiency, as evidenced by the main qualitative indicators that characterize the operation of railway transport: average daily locomotive productivity, average daily wagon productivity and freight wagon turnover. It has been proven that without the implementation of decisive measures in the direction of improving management activities, the railway transport of Ukraine in the coming years may turn into the main restraining factor of the rise and structural restructuring of the economy, ensuring the country's security and defense capability, improving conditions and raising the standard of living of the population. Ensuring the effective development of railway transport should be based on a fundamentally new management approach, which would include the formation of innovative potential as a priority, as well as the constant and continuous improvement of the competence of railway enterprises.