Abstract
This review focuses on the composition of the gut microbiota in children with obesity. Studies demonstrating changes in the gut microbiota in obese children during the first year of life are presented: their association with maternal obesity and family dietary patterns. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have identified that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the development of obesity through the regulation of appetite, energy processes and metabolic mechanisms of fat accumulation. Obese children have a distinctive metabolic profile, including elevated levels of short-chain fatty acids and a high Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which may serve as important biomarkers of this condition. The studies presented in this review expand our understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota and obesity, providing new perspectives for further reference and comparative analyses, as well as for the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity in children. Key words: obesity, gut microbiota, childhood obesity
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